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HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Analysis) and LOPA (Layers of Protection Analysis) are two critical methods for risk management and safety analysis in industrial facilities.

HAZOP Analysis

HAZOP is used to identify potential hazards and operational problems during the design and operation phases of facilities. This analysis systematically examines possible deviations from the plant's normal operating conditions and the hazards these deviations may cause. A multidisciplinary team usually carries out the procedure and helps prevent design or operational errors.

LOPA Analysis

LOPA uses data from risk assessment methods such as HAZOP to assess whether there are sufficient layers of protection for specific risks. It analyzes the frequency of hazards and the effectiveness of existing protective layers, thus determining whether further safety measures are required.

Why are they used together?

HAZOP and LOPA are often used together because they are complementary. While HAZOP identifies general risks, LOPA analyzes the effectiveness of safety measures by assessing the severity and frequency of these risks in more detail.

When HAZOP and LOPA are used together, they increase the level of safety in facilities. While HAZOP identifies general hazards, LOPA assesses how serious these hazards are and the adequacy of existing safety measures. This combination is ideal for managing hazards more comprehensively and optimizing the necessary safety measures.

These methods are indispensable to prevent accidents and maximize operational safety, especially in high-risk industries such as chemical processing and oil and gas. These analyses are essential to comply with regulations such as SEVESO and to ensure effective risk management.

SEVESO Directive and These Analyzes

The SEVESO Directive is a regulation designed to prevent major industrial accidents in the European Union and to reduce their effects. This directive requires risk assessment and necessary safety measures to be taken for facilities containing hazardous substances. HAZOP and LOPA analyses are ideal methods for systematically assessing the hazards of facilities covered by the SEVESO Directive and the measures to be taken against these hazards. These analyses contribute to the prevention of major industrial accidents by ensuring that facilities are designed and operated safely.

What are the Steps of HAZOP and LOPA Analyses?

HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) analysis is a detailed methodology used to systematically identify hazard and operability problems. The basic steps of HAZOP analysis are listed below:

1. Preparation: Prior to the analysis, it is necessary to collect project information, prepare process diagrams and identify the team members who will conduct the analysis.

2. Team Formation: HAZOP analysis requires a multidisciplinary teamwork with the participation of experts from various disciplines.

3. Identification of Parameters and Deviations: Process parameters (e.g. pressure, temperature, flow rate) and potential deviations are identified.

4. Scenario Development: Possible scenarios are developed for each deviation and their potential impact on the plant is discussed.

5. Risk Assessment: The magnitude and acceptability of the identified risks are assessed.

6. Development of Recommendations: Measures that can be taken to mitigate risks are proposed and the feasibility of these proposals is assessed.

7. Reporting: It is ensured that the findings and recommendations are reported in detail and these reports are shared with the relevant parties.

Communiqué on Major Accident Scenario Document according to the Regulation on Prevention and Mitigation of the Effects of Major Industrial Accidents

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Obligations

The operator of a lower or upper level organization shall prepare or have prepared the major accident scenario document by complying with the specified format and general rules and fulfilling the minimum requirements. The major accident scenario document is not sent to the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Services, it is kept in the organization.

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